What is the definition of bias in relation to opinions towards groups of individuals?

Bias, in the context of opinions towards groups of individuals, refers to a preconceived notion or an attitude that leads to a negative evaluation of those groups based on specific characteristics, such as race, religion, gender, or other identifiers. This definition captures the essence of bias as it highlights the inclination to judge or react towards a group in a way that is not based on individual merits or actions but rather on stereotypes or generalizations associated with that group.

Choosing the first option underscores that bias is inherently negative; it reflects an unfair and often irrational judgment that can contribute to discrimination and social division. Such views are often shaped by societal norms, personal experiences, or media portrayals, which can lead to systemic inequalities and injustices in various contexts, including law enforcement, education, and community relations.

In contrast, the other options represent stances that do not align with the definition of bias. Positive opinions or neutrality approach groups from an affirming or balanced perspective, and constructive criticism typically doesn't involve prejudgment against a group but rather focuses on feedback intended to improve. Therefore, option A is clearly the definition that encapsulates bias as it pertains specifically to negative opinions formed without justifiable bases.