Which of the following is selected criteria for classifying groups as gangs?

The criteria for classifying groups as gangs typically encompass multiple characteristics that help define their structure, behavior, and purpose. The presence of a leader is significant because gangs often have hierarchical structures, with leaders who exert control, influence, and direction over the group's activities. This leadership can facilitate organization and decision-making within the gang.

Recurring patterns of violence are also a critical criterion, as many gangs engage in violent activities as a means of asserting dominance, settling disputes, or maintaining their reputation. Such violent behavior can characterize their interactions both within the group and with external entities, further establishing their identity as a gang.

Additionally, the claim of specific territory is an important factor as many gangs establish and defend geographical areas where they operate. This territoriality not only serves as a claim of ownership but also functions to reinforce control and create a sense of belonging among members.

The combination of these attributes—leadership, violent behavior, and territorial claims—contributes to the overall classification of groups as gangs. Therefore, choosing 'All of the above' encompasses the complete set of criteria used for gang classification, reflecting a more comprehensive understanding of gang dynamics.